eulerbooks/notebooks/problem0089.ipynb

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "dbdd8508",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# [Roman Numerals](https://projecteuler.net/problem=89)\n",
"\n",
"First, we have to read in all the [Roman numerals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals) we're working with."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "e2925aba",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"with open(\"txt/0089_roman.txt\") as f:\n",
" numerals = [s.strip() for s in f.readlines()]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b57710ca",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To assist us, we'll make a map from denominations to Roman numerals."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "5b4b8abd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"denominations = {\n",
" 1: \"I\",\n",
" 2: \"II\",\n",
" 3: \"III\",\n",
" 4: \"IV\",\n",
" 5: \"V\",\n",
" 6: \"VI\",\n",
" 7: \"VII\",\n",
" 8: \"VIII\",\n",
" 9: \"IX\",\n",
" 10: \"X\",\n",
" 20: \"XX\",\n",
" 30: \"XXX\",\n",
" 40: \"XL\",\n",
" 50: \"L\",\n",
" 60: \"LX\",\n",
" 70: \"LXX\",\n",
" 80: \"LXXX\",\n",
" 90: \"XC\",\n",
" 100: \"C\",\n",
" 200: \"CC\",\n",
" 300: \"CCC\",\n",
" 400: \"CD\",\n",
" 500: \"D\",\n",
" 600: \"DC\",\n",
" 700: \"DCC\",\n",
" 800: \"DCCC\",\n",
" 900: \"CM\",\n",
" 1000: \"M\",\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "339bbd69",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can make a simple greedy parser to convert the given Roman numerals to ints."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "01623002",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def to_int(s):\n",
" rev_denominations = {v: k for (k, v) in denominations.items()}\n",
" prefixes = sorted(rev_denominations.keys(), key=len, reverse=True)\n",
" \n",
" n = 0\n",
" while s != \"\":\n",
" for prefix in prefixes:\n",
" if s.startswith(prefix):\n",
" n += rev_denominations[prefix]\n",
" s = s.removeprefix(prefix)\n",
" break\n",
" \n",
" return n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "594d35b8",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"It's arguably easier to convert an int to the minimal Roman numeral."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "fc3ce748",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def to_roman(n):\n",
" s = [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"]\n",
" \n",
" for i in range(1, 4):\n",
" d = n % 10^i\n",
" if d in denominations:\n",
" s[-i] = denominations[d]\n",
" \n",
" n -= d\n",
" \n",
" s[0] = \"M\" * (n // 1000)\n",
" \n",
" return \"\".join(s)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e1f6d92d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To solve, convert each Roman numeral to an int, then convert that int to the minimal Roman numeral, and count the characters saved."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "b88ee547",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"743"
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"total = 0\n",
"for numeral in numerals:\n",
" value = to_int(numeral)\n",
" minimal = to_roman(value)\n",
" total += len(numeral) - len(minimal)\n",
"\n",
"total"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "109ecfb2",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Copyright (C) 2025 filifa\n",
"\n",
"This work is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) and the [BSD Zero Clause license](https://spdx.org/licenses/0BSD.html)."
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "SageMath 9.5",
"language": "sage",
"name": "sagemath"
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"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
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"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.11.2"
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"nbformat": 4,
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